milliAmpere: An Autonomous Ferry Prototype

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we summarize the experiences with the autonomous passenger ferry development prototype milliAmpere, which has been used as a test platform in several research projects at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) since 2017. New algorithms for motion planning, motion control, collision avoidance, docking, multi-target tracking and localization have been developed and verified in full-scale experiments with milliAmpere. The infrastructure surrounding milliAmpere includes several sensor rigs supporting research on multi-sensor fusion and situational awareness, and a shore control lab which can be used to study the interaction between human operators and the autonomous ferry. Building upon the experiences with milliAmpere, the full-scale autonomous ferry milliAmpere2 was recently launched.