Effect of ethanol treatment on the quality and volatiles production of blueberries after harvest

Abstract

Abstract BACKGROUND Blueberries are appreciated by consumers for their rich natural antioxidants and their good nutritional and health functions. However, blueberries are very perishable due to microbial infection and metabolic aging after harvest. Ethanol has been shown to have the effect of controlling postharvest microorganisms and improving storage quality of fruits and vegetables. This study aimed to clarify the effects of ethanol on the appearance quality and flavor attributes of postharvest blueberries. Blueberries were treated with ethanol (250, 500, and 1000 μL L −1 ) and stored at 0 ± 0.5 °C, 90% relative humidity (RH), for 40 days. RESULTS The results indicated that ethanol treatment could slow the decline of blueberry firmness and reduce the decay rate significantly in a dose‐dependent manner. The soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) of ethanol‐treated blueberries increased significantly ( P < 0.05), improving the taste of the blueberries. The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) were stimulated with the accumulation of ethanol in blueberries, which catalyzed the conversion of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and pyruvate, increasing their levels in blueberries. More volatiles, especially esters, were detected in ethanol‐treated blueberries, e.g. methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl 2‐methylbutanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl 3‐methyl‐2‐butenoate, diethyl sebacate, and isopropyl myristate. CONCLUSION The preservative effect of ethanol on blueberry was significantly affected by ethanol concentration. In this study, the effect of 500 μL L −1 ethanol fumigation on blueberry was the best in terms of appearance quality (firmness and decay rate) and flavor attributes (SSC, TA, and volatiles). © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry