1e:T405,The identification and classification of yeasts have traditionally been based on morphological, physiological and biochemical traits. Various kits have been developed as rapid systems for yeast identification, but mostly for clinical diagnosis. In recent years, different molecular biology techniques have been developed for yeast identification, but there is no available database to identify a large number of species. In the present study, the restriction patterns generated from the region spanning the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and the 5.8S rRNA gene were used to identify a total of 132 yeast species belonging to 25 different genera, including teleomorphic and anamorphic ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts. In many cases, the size of the PCR products and the restriction patterns obtained with endonucleases CfoI, HaeIII and HinfI yielded a unique profile for each species. Accordingly, the use of this molecular approach is proposed as a new rapid and easy method of routine yeast identification.1f:T44b,Vineyard, winery, barrel, and controlled temperature fermentation samples from a single commercial winery (Luna Vineyards) conducting fermentations with indigenous organisms were plated onto Wallerstein Laboratory Nutrient Agar (WL) to evaluate colony diversity. Seventeen unique colony morphologies were identified. Sequence analysis of the DNA encoding a portion of the large ribosomal 26S rRNA indicated that the colony types defined members of six genera: Hanseniaspora uvarum (Kloeckera apiculata), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Issatchenkia orientalis, Pichia kluyveri, Candida olephelia, and Metschnikowia. Distinct colony subtypes were identified within the pulcherrimin producers traditionally classified as a single species, Metschnikowia pulcherrima. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the 26S rDNA of these biotypes showed a high degree of divergence, suggesting that these organisms might define separate species. Analysis of fermentations revealed that colony type as indicated on this medium could be used to monitor the yeast population dynamics.20:T5c0,

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