International Journal of Food Properties · 2008 · 23 citations · 8 references
AgricultureAgronomyFood ScienceCereal ScienceFood ProcessingFood RheologyGrain ProcessingWater ContentCrushingGrindingParboilingRice Grain QualityRice Texture QualitySoaking TimeViscosityWater Hardness
Hardness (crushing strength) of rice decreased with increase in soaking time. A remarkable reduction was observed after complete hydration in parboiled rice (∼85%) than raw rice (27%), which was attributed to greater hydration capacity of parboiled rice (63% d.b.) compared to raw rice (38% d.b.). Crushing strength of unsoaked parboiled rice (∼150 N) was greater than raw rice (∼76 N). On the contrary, crushing strength of fully hydrated parboiled rice (∼23 N) was lower than raw rice (∼55 N). The significant decrease in the hardness of parboiled rice grains upon hydration, however, could not explain the greater energy requirement for wet grinding parboiled rice studied earlier, which, perhaps, could be attributed to the higher slurry viscosity of parboiled rice compared to raw rice.
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A starch granule protein associated with endosperm softness in wheat
P. Greenwell, J.D. Schofield · 1986 · 364 citations
Effect of Soaking on Wet-milling of Rice
P.-Y. Chiang, An‐I Yeh · Journal of Cereal Science · 2002 · 224 citations