Psychology and Marketing · 2003 · 143 citations · 33 references
HumanitiesBehavioral SciencesPsychologyMusic AnalysisMusic PsychologyMusic TheoryMusic EmotionMusic PerceptionMusical ExperienceRhythm PerceptionSocial Psychology Of MusicAffect In MusicBackground Music TempoDisconfirmation TheoryExpectation-disconfirmation ParadigmExpectation-disconfirmation TheoryMusical TimingTempo VariationWaiting Time Perception
Abstract Digital technology was used to isolate musical tempo from other musical variables, and experimental results in an undergraduate registration queue context confirmed the existence of a significant, positive relationship between background musical tempo variation and temporal perception (perceived minus actual wait duration). Findings also revealed how slow‐tempo music produced significantly enhanced affective response (satisfaction, positive disconfirmation of expectations, and relaxation) compared to fast‐tempo music. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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