Journal of Applied Psychology · 2000 · 1.4K citations · 59 references
ManagementOrganizational BehaviorPsychologyEmployee EngagementEmployee RelationsMediationEmployee EmpowermentEmployee Well-beingJob SatisfactionPsychological EmpowermentWorkplace StressWorkplace Well-beingEmotional EmpowermentJob InvolvementPerceived EmpowermentPsychological Empowerment ScaleStaff EmpowermentWork InvolvementWorker EmpowermentWorkplace Empowerment
A field investigation of 337 employees and their immediate superiors tested the mediating role of empowerment in relations between job characteristics, leader-member exchange (LMX), team-member exchange (TMX), and work outcomes. The meaning and competence dimensions of empowerment mediated the relation between job characteristics and work satisfaction. The meaning dimension also mediated the relation between job characteristics and organizational commitment. Contrary to prediction, empowerment did not mediate relations between LMX, TMX, and the outcome variables. Rather, LMX and TMX were directly related to organizational commitment. In addition, TMX was directly related to job performance. These findings suggest that work satisfaction is explained largely by job characteristics (through empowerment) but that LMX and TMX combine with job characteristics and empowerment to explain variation in organizational commitment and job performance.
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Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency.
Albert Bandura · American Psychologist · 1982 · 15.2K citations
Exchange and Power in Social Life.
Robert Bierstedt, Peter M. Blau · American Sociological Review · 1965 · 13.8K citations