Reading difficulties is an academic concept and research field investigating challenges encountered by individuals in acquiring and utilizing reading skills. It examines the underlying cognitive, neurological, and environmental factors contributing to these challenges, their manifestation across different populations and developmental stages, and effective methods for assessment, diagnosis, and intervention. This concept encompasses a range of specific impairments, including but not limited to dyslexia, characterized by persistent difficulties in decoding, fluency, and comprehension, despite adequate intelligence and opportunity. The study of reading difficulties is significant for informing educational practices, clinical interventions, and theoretical models of reading acquisition and processing.