Changes in olive oil composition due to microwave heating

Abstract

Abstract The effects of microwave heating on some components of extra‐virgin olive oil were studied. Traditional parameters, including free acidity, peroxide value and ultraviolet absorbance values at 232 and 268 nm, were determined in six extra‐virgin olive oil samples before and after the microwave treatment. Significant differences ( P <0.01) were detected for free acidity, peroxide, and ultraviolet absorbance at 268 nm; also, the absorbances at 232 nm showed significant differences ( P <0.05) between treated and untreated samples. The glycerolic fractions, triacylglycerols (TAG), diacylglycerols (DAG), and monoacylglycerols (MAG), were isolated by thin‐layer chromatography. The respective percentage fatty acid (FA) composition and percentage amount were obtained by high‐resolution gas chromatography with an internal standard. For the most abundant TAG fraction, the stereospecific analysis was carried out to obtain the FA percentage compositions of the three sn ‐positions. Small but significant modifications were observed regarding the decrease in the TAG percentage and increases in the DAG and MAG percentage amounts. No significant changes were observed for the FA compositions of TAG, DAG, and MAG fractions before and after the treatment. Nevertheless, the results of TAG stereospecific analysis showed losses of unsaturated FA in all sn ‐positions. Higher percentage changes in the sn ‐1‐ than in sn ‐2‐position of TAG were observed. Regarding the volatile fraction, different profiles were obtained after the treatment.