Activity of olive leaf extracts against the promastigote stage of Leishmania species and their correlation with the antioxidant activity

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases in terms of drug discovery and development. Furthermore, the chemotherapy used to treat this disease has been proved to be highly toxic and to present resistance issues. As consequent, the need for novel leishmanicidal molecules has notably increased in the recent years. In the present work an attempt was made to evaluate the antioxidant and leishmanicidal activities besides presence of compounds in leaf extracts of 5 different Tunisian olive tree varieties, used as traditional medicine in this country. The concentration of extracts needed to inhibit 50% of the parasitic growth (IC50) was estimated using different Leishmania strains. All tested extracts showed an inhibitory effect on the parasite growth with IC50 ranging from 2.130±0.023 to 71.570±4.324μg/ml, respectively for the methanolic extracts of Limouni and Zarrazi against Leishmania donovani. In fact, this activity was significantly affected by the olive cultivar and the tested Leishmania strain. Furthermore, the activities against both Leishmania tropica and major species were correlated to the total phenolic compounds. These results could suggest that olive leaf extract could carry potential new compounds for the development of novel drugs against Leishmaniasis.