The Bactericidal Effect of a Combination of Food-Grade Compounds and their Application as Alternative Antibacterial Agents for Food Contact Surfaces

Abstract

Chemical antibacterials are widely used to control microbial growth but have raised concerns about health risks. It is necessary to find alternative, non-toxic antibacterial agents for the inhibition of pathogens in foods or food contact surfaces. To develop a non-toxic and "green" food-grade alternative to chemical sanitizers, we formulated a multicomponent antibacterial mixture containing <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L., <i>Camellia sinensis</i> L., citric acid, and ε-polylysine and evaluated its bactericidal efficacy against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis, and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> on food contact surfaces. A combination of the agents allowed their use at levels lower than were effective when tested individually. At a concentration of 0.25%, the multicomponent mixture reduced viable cell count by more than 5 log CFU/area, with complete inactivation 24 h after treatment. The inhibitory efficacy of the chemical antibacterial agent (sodium hypochlorite, 200 ppm) and the multicomponent antibacterial mixture (0.25%) on utensil surfaces against <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, <i>S.</i> Enteritidis, and <i>L. monocytogenes</i> were similar, but the multicomponent system was more effective against <i>B. cereus</i> than sodium hypochlorite, with an immediate 99.999% reduction on knife and plastic basket surfaces, respectively, and within 2 h on cutting board surfaces after treatment. A combination of these food-grade antibacterials could be a useful strategy for inhibition of bacteria on food contact surfaces while allowing use of lower concentrations of its components than are effective individually. This multicomponent food-grade antibacterial mixture may be a suitable "green" alternative to chemical sanitizers.