The interplay between pronunciation self-efficacy sources and self-efficacy beliefs: A structural equation modeling approach

Abstract

This study was conducted to find the association between pronunciation self-efficacy sources and pronunciation self-efficacy beliefs. It was quantitative in nature using a correlational research design. A sample of 155 Malaysian ESL university students was selected from two Malaysian universities by employing proportionate stratified random sampling. Two questionnaires were used to collect the data related to pronunciation self-efficacy sources and self-efficacy beliefs. In order to analyze the collected data, the correlational analysis was carried out with a statistical software named Smart PLS 3.0. Findings indicated that all the self-efficacy sources were significantly and positively correlated with pronunciation self-efficacy beliefs, except physiological state, which was significantly but negatively correlated with pronunciation self-efficacy beliefs. Based on the outcomes of this study, implications for ESL instructors and educational policymakers were presented.