Inquiry‐based science instruction—what is it and does it matter? Results from a research synthesis years 1984 to 2002

TLDR

The study focuses on inquiry science instruction research from 1984 to 2002, extending earlier syntheses and aligning with the project’s 2001–2006 timeline. The goal was to synthesize findings to answer the impact of inquiry science instruction on K–12 student outcomes. The authors developed a conceptual framework defining inquiry-based instruction and applied a mixed-methods analysis of quantitative and qualitative data on student conceptual learning. Across 138 studies, inquiry-based instruction—especially approaches that actively engage students in scientific investigations—consistently improves conceptual understanding compared to passive methods. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Abstract

Abstract The goal of the Inquiry Synthesis Project was to synthesize findings from research conducted between 1984 and 2002 to address the research question, What is the impact of inquiry science instruction on K–12 student outcomes ? The timeframe of 1984 to 2002 was selected to continue a line of synthesis work last completed in 1983 by Bredderman [Bredderman [1983] Review of Educational Research 53: 499–518] and Shymansky, Kyle, and Alport [Shymansky et al. [1983] Journal of Research in Science Teaching 20: 387–404], and to accommodate a practicable cut‐off date given the research project timeline, which ran from 2001 to 2006. The research question for the project was addressed by developing a conceptual framework that clarifies and specifies what is meant by “inquiry‐based science instruction,” and by using a mixed‐methodology approach to analyze both numerical and text data describing the impact of instruction on K–12 student science conceptual learning. Various findings across 138 analyzed studies indicate a clear, positive trend favoring inquiry‐based instructional practices, particularly instruction that emphasizes student active thinking and drawing conclusions from data. Teaching strategies that actively engage students in the learning process through scientific investigations are more likely to increase conceptual understanding than are strategies that rely on more passive techniques, which are often necessary in the current standardized‐assessment laden educational environment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 47: 474–496, 2010