International Marketing Review · 1997 · 50 citations · 12 references
Social SciencesGender StudiesMarketingAdvertisingFeminist TheoryGenderAdvertising CriticismAdvertising PsychologyGender DiscriminationGender IdentityGender RolesInternational AdvertisingAdvertising StereotypesFeminist ConsciousnessPurchase Intention AnalysisPurchase Intention EffectsPurchase Intention MeasurementSex Role StereotypesSex Role StereotypingStructural Equations
Compares adult women’s perceptions of sex role portrayals in advertising across demo‐graphically‐diverse samples from the USA, New Zealand, Japan and Thailand. Tests a structural equations model using EQS. The findings indicate that there were varying degrees of criticism across the samples with regard to sex role portrayals, company image and purchase intentions. Finds a significant structural linkage between criticality of role portrayals and company image as well as between company image and purchase intention. Identifies the existence of “feminist consciousness” across the various samples and also examines its impact on perceptions and intentions to purchase. Presents implications for global advertisers.
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Sex Role Portrayals in Advertising
William J. Lundstrom, Donald Sciglimpaglia · Journal of Marketing · 1977 · 142 citations
Toward a Phenomenology of Feminist Consciousness
Sandra Lee Bartky · Social Theory and Practice · 1975 · 119 citations