Strategic planning is a systematic process for defining an organization's strategy, direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy. As a research field and methodological approach, it investigates the complex interplay between organizational capabilities, external environmental dynamics, and the formulation and implementation of actions required to achieve long-term objectives. Key characteristics include a forward-looking perspective, comprehensive analysis, integration of diverse functions, and iterative adaptation, contributing significantly to organizational effectiveness, resilience, and competitive positioning.