Affordances and constraints of mathematics-specific observation frameworks and general elements of teaching quality

Those Who Understand: Knowledge Growth in Teaching

Lee S. Shulman · Educational Researcher · 1986 · 18.1K citations · Full text

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Building Student Capacity for Mathematical Thinking and Reasoning: An Analysis of Mathematical Tasks Used in Reform Classrooms

Mary Kay Stein, Barbara W. Grover, Marjorie A. Henningsen · American Educational Research Journal · 1996 · 1.2K citations

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Orchestrating Productive Mathematical Discussions: Five Practices for Helping Teachers Move Beyond Show and Tell

Mary Kay Stein, Randi A. Engle, Margaret S. Smith et al. · Mathematical Thinking and Learning · 2008 · 1.2K citations

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Resources, Instruction, and Research

David K. Cohen, Stephen W. Raudenbush, Deborah Loewenberg Ball · Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis · 2003 · 977 citations

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Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching and the Mathematical Quality of Instruction: An Exploratory Study

Heather C. Hill, Merrie Blunk, Charalambos Y. Charalambous et al. · Cognition and Instruction · 2008 · 974 citations

Education, Instruction, Teaching +7