The Development of a Critical Reading Learning Model to Promote University Students’ Critical Awareness

Abstract

Critical reading awareness can empower readers through critical reading skills used to understand ideological messages and domination act in language practice. Th e aim of this research was to develop and test a critical reading learning model to enhance university students' critical awareness. Th is Research and Development study was carried out by following three main steps that were product development, product validation, and examination of product eff ectiveness. 56 students participated in this study. Th ey came from the Indonesian Language Department, Negeri Makassar University, Indonesia. Th e qualitative data was analyzed with the use of domain analysis and the quantitative data was analyzed using t-test. Th e developed learning model was proven valid and feasible through experts' validation. In addition, the results of the eff ectiveness test indicated that the learning model could improve students' critical reading skills and students' critical reading awareness of understanding, evaluating, and responding to texts.