Effect of Clove Essential Oil as Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agent on Cake Shelf Life

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate efficiency of clove essential oil (CEO) as antioxidant and antimicrobial agent and use in cake preservation as a natural plant preservative due to the harmful effects of synthetic antioxidants. CEO was evaluated their antioxidant effect after adding in cakes (by determining the peroxide value, thiobarbitoric acid and free fatty acid during 28 days of storage at room temperature) and antimicrobial activity (by determining the counts of total bacteria, coliform bacteria, molds and yeasts under the same previous conditions). Also, the effect of CEO on the appearance, color, odor, taste, texture and overall acceptability of the cake samples was sensory evaluated and compared with control sample. The results showed that the CEO was able to retard the oxidation rate and reduction of formed preliminary and secondary oxidation products in cakes compared with synthetic antioxidant, except the sample containing 400 ppm CEO had lower values than control and almost equal with the sample containing BHT. The microbiological study exhibited that CEO was more effective in inhibiting the growth of tested microorganisms with increasing of CEO levels. Also, sensory results indicated that no significant effects were observed between different cake samples in most qualities and they generally were acceptable, except the sample containing 800 ppm CEO was the lowest (p<0.05) acceptable sample. It could be concluded that, CEO exhibited high antioxidant activity and effective antimicrobial properties in cakes when compared with the synthetic antioxidant during 28 days of storage. Consequently, this essential oil could be used as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial in foodstuffs, especially those containing lipid and can increase shelf-life of those foods, beside their safe effects on human health.