Verilog-A modeling of SPAD statistical phenomena

Abstract

An accurate behavioral model for simulating Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) is introduced. The device operation is described using the Verilog-A description language. The derived model is able to emulate the static, the dynamic behavior and the main statistical effects of a SPAD, such as the turn-off probability, the dark-count and the after-pulsing phenomena. Spectre simulations reveal the validity of the approach.