Review of Financial Studies · 2013 · 16 citations · 40 references
ManagementBusiness EconomicsEconomicsAgency TheoryIncentive SystemsMicroeconomicsIncentive AlignmentIncentive SchemesIndividual IncentivesManagerial OpportunismMonetary IncentivesPrincipal-agent TheoryAgency IncentivesAgency Theory In CompensationContinuous-time Economic ModelsIncentive DurationManagerial Incentive ContractsMultiperiod Agency ModelsPrincipal-agent Incentives
We explore a continuous-time agency model with double moral hazard. Using a venture capitalist (VC)–entrepreneur relationship where the VC both supplies costly effort and chooses the optimal timing of the initial public offering (IPO), we show that optimal IPO timing is earlier under double moral hazard than under single moral hazard. Our results also indicate that the manager's compensation tends to be paid earlier under double moral hazard. We derive several comparative static results, notably that IPO timing is earlier when the need for monitoring by the VC is smaller and when the volatility of cash flows is larger.
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The Long‐Run Performance of initial Public Offerings
Jay R. Ritter · The Journal of Finance · 1991 · 3.4K citations · Full text