STEAM + X - Extending the transdisciplinary of STEAM-based educational approaches: A theoretical contribution

Abstract

This design-based research methodological paper is proposing a theoretical understanding in the form of STEAM + X framework that emerged from the empirical findings of implementing transdisciplinary STEAM practices featuring architecture, culture, and history. This paper shows how the proposed STEAM practices, involving creativities, to promote the integration of various disciplines with multiple cross-cultural iterations. These STEAM practices allow teachers to integrate cultural, architectural, environmental, or technological options into mathematics teaching and learning. These STEAM practices foster creativity and thinking skills in connecting disciplines in a transdisciplinary learning approach. Moreover, this paper introduces the study outcomes including the developed design principles and a framework that connects the underlying theoretical framework with emerging themes from our qualitative data analysis.