Characterization of Bioactives and Nutra-Pharmaceutical Potential of Supercritical Fluid and Hydro-Distilled Extracted Coriander Leaves Essential Oil

Abstract

The volatiles chemical composition and biological attributes of coriander (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i> L.) leaves essential oil obtained by two extraction techniques namely supercritical fluid extraction and hydro-distillation is appraised. The coriander essential oil yield (.12%) by hydro-distillation was slightly higher than that of supercritical fluid extraction (.09%). The physico-chemical variables of the essential oil obtained from both the techniques varied in significantly (P < .05). GC-MS analysis identified 23 different components in supercritical fluid extracted oil and 18 components in hydro-distilled essential oil having linalool as major component (51.32% and 61.78%, respectively) followed by phytol (12.71%). The oil recovered by supercritical fluid extraction exhibited greater DPPH radical scavenging activity as well as reducing power as compared to the essential oil obtained by hydro-distillation technique along with a stronger biofilm inhibition and least hemolysis. The results of antimicrobial activity revealed that super critical fluid extracted essential oil has potent antifungal and antibacterial activity against <i>P. multocida</i> and <i>A alternata</i>, whereas hydro-distilled essential oil displayed better antimicrobial potential against <i>E coli</i> and <i>A niger</i>. Overall, these results depict that supercritical fluid extraction is superior than hydro-distillation with regard to isolation of better-quality coriander essential oil for nutra-pharmaceutical developments.