EFSA Journal · 2020 · 455 citations · 300 references
PharmacyFood ScienceToxicologyFood SafetyFood ToxicologyHepatotoxicologyCarcinogenicity AssessmentFood Safety AssessmentGenotoxicity Risk AssessmentHepatic ToxicityHepatotoxicity From Dietary ExposuresMycotoxinsAflatoxin ContaminationAflatoxin HepatotoxicityBenchmark Response SelectionCancer Risk AssessmentDose-response Benchmark CalculationFoodborne Mycotoxin RiskPublic Health ProtectionWhole Grain Products
EFSA was asked to assess the public health risks of aflatoxins, which are genotoxic and can cause hepatocellular carcinoma in humans. The assessment used over 200,000 analytical results, focused on five aflatoxins, and applied a margin‑of‑exposure approach based on a benchmark dose lower confidence limit of 0.4 µg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹ for AFB1, with potency factors for AFM1 (0.1) and other aflatoxins derived from JECFA 2016 data. Grains and grain‑based products contributed most to chronic dietary exposure to AFB1 across all age classes, while liquid milk and fermented milk products were the main contributors to AFM1 exposure.
EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of aflatoxins in food. The risk assessment was confined to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFM1. More than 200,000 analytical results on the occurrence of aflatoxins were used in the evaluation. Grains and grain-based products made the largest contribution to the mean chronic dietary exposure to AFB1 in all age classes, while 'liquid milk' and 'fermented milk products' were the main contributors to the AFM1 mean exposure. Aflatoxins are genotoxic and AFB1 can cause hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in humans. The CONTAM Panel selected a benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) for a benchmark response of 10% of 0.4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day for the incidence of HCC in male rats following AFB1 exposure to be used in a margin of exposure (MOE) approach. The calculation of a BMDL from the human data was not appropriate; instead, the cancer potencies estimated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives in 2016 were used. For AFM1, a potency factor of 0.1 relative to AFB1 was used. For AFG1, AFB2 and AFG2, the
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Some traditional herbal medicines, some mycotoxins, naphthalene and styrene.
PubMed · 2002 · 1.1K citations
Mycotoxins and human disease: a largely ignored global health issue
C. P. Wild, Yun Yun Gong · Carcinogenesis · 2009 · 957 citations · Full text