Enhancing BIM Performance in EPC Projects through Integrative Trust-Based Functional Contracting Model

Delivering building information modeling (BIM) requires a certain level of trust to make it more effective. However, the engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) approach, which conventionally adopts transaction law, encourages each party to protect their legitimate interest. Consequently, EPC contracting parties operate within their own goals and procedures, in which trust is not a fundamental contracting strategy. In addition, distrust—which is commonly perceived as detrimental to the relationship—should receive more attention when examining the beneficial outcomes of the relationship. Contract research has emerged from focusing on the safeguarding of contract transactions and is currently moving toward coordination and contingency adaptability for its success. In this context, this paper proposes an integrative trust-based functional contracting model that describes how trust can enhance BIM performance in EPC projects. Thus, this paper contributes new knowledge of the proper use and harmonization of contract functions and provides significant insight for the construction industry to think beyond the traditional EPC contract setting for effective use of BIM.