The hepatotoxic metabolite of acetaminophen directly activates the Keap1‐Nrf2 cell defense system†

Abstract

Nrf2 can be activated via the direct modification of cysteine residues located within the intervening region of Keap1, but also via the substantial depletion of glutathione without the requirement for direct modification of Keap1. It is possible that both of these mechanisms contribute to the activation of Nrf2 by acetaminophen.