Robot for ultrasound-guided prostate imaging and intervention

Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach to increase the amount of visual stimuli in sensor measurements using saliency maps. A saliency map is a combination of normalized feature maps in different channels (i.e. color, intensity) to represent the relative strength of visual stimuli in an image. The total saliency is higher when the camera is looking at a scene with more interesting things in the field of view and vise versa. We employ methods of extremum seeking control to find a camera position that corresponds to local maximum saliency value. We combine the global properties of simplex optimization methods with the local search properties and dynamic response of extremum seeking control to create a novel algorithm that is more likely to find a global maximum than conventional extremum seeking control. Simulations and experiments are presented to show the strength of this approach.