The Evolution of Secondary Inclusion

Abstract

This article offers an alternative “Circle of Courage” paradigm of education, derived from Native American culture, for creating inclusive high schools that welcome, value, support, and facilitate the learning of adolescents with differing abilities. From this perspective, we examine (a) ways to reorganize the structure of secondary schools; (b) emerging best practices for improving curriculum, instruction, assessment, and student social life on campus; and (c) a process and set of communication tools to ensure needed supports for individual students. We conclude by discussing the application of the Circle of Courage paradigm of education.