Robot dexterity is a research field and academic concept concerned with endowing robots with the capability to perform complex manipulation tasks with skill and adaptability. It focuses on the ability of robotic systems, particularly their end effectors, to interact with objects and environments with precision, versatility, and human-like proficiency. This field investigates the underlying principles, algorithms, hardware designs, and control strategies necessary for tasks such as grasping diverse objects, performing in-hand manipulation, utilizing tools, and executing intricate assembly or repair operations in unstructured or dynamic settings. Key characteristics include high degrees of freedom, sophisticated sensing (e.g., tactile, force, vision), intelligent planning for contact and motion, and robust control capable of handling uncertainties and dynamic interactions. The significance of robot dexterity lies in its potential to enable autonomous systems to perform tasks currently requiring human fine motor skills, thereby expanding robotic applications in manufacturing, healthcare, exploration, and service industries.