Doping is the phenomenon and associated academic field concerned with the non-therapeutic use of performance-enhancing substances or methods, particularly within competitive contexts, that are prohibited by governing bodies. As a research concept, it investigates the physiological and pharmacological mechanisms of these practices, develops detection methodologies, and examines the complex ethical, legal, historical, and socio-cultural dimensions surrounding their application and regulation. Its significance lies in its critical impact on the integrity of sport, athlete health, fairness in competition, and the ongoing challenges in policy development and enforcement within global sporting ecosystems.