Comparative biokinetics and metabolism of pure monomeric, dimeric, and polymeric flavan‐3‐ols: A randomized cross‐over study in humans

Abstract

In addition to conjugated metabolites derived from the absorption of monomeric flavan-3-ols, 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-valerolactone represents an important in vivo metabolite of (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B1 produced by the gut microbiota.