The Preventive Potential of Milk and Colostrum Proteins and Protein Fragments

Abstract

This study presents and analyzes the results of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo tests investigating the potential preventive properties of a group of biologically active milk and colostrum proteins and peptides; that is, casein, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, lysozyme, lactoferrin, glycomacropeptide, proline-rich peptides, and lactoperoxidase. Casein or its peptides lowers blood pressure, reduces tumor growth, and shows anticoagulant, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity. Casein hydrolysates decrease the probability of diabetes. α-Lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin manifest antiviral activity directed against HIV and antibacterial and hypotensive activities. A diet rich in α-lactalbumin has antistress, antidepressive, and anticarcinogenic properties. Lysozyme is used as a supplement in infant formulas and an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent in neoplastic diseases. Lactoferrin demonstrates an antibacterial, antiviral, fungistatic, antiparasitic, and antithrombotic effect. Glycomacropeptide is characterized by antibacterial, antiviral, and antithrombotic properties. Colostrinin, a proline-rich peptide, is applied in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of the brain and autoimmune diseases. Lactoperoxidase is an antimicrobial agent. Studies indicate that milk and colostrum proteins and peptides have many applications in the prevention and treatment of various diseases in patients from all age groups.