Lipid Classes and Subclasses of Cold‐Pressed and Solvent‐Extracted Oils from Commercial Indian Niger (<i>Guizotia abyssinica</i> (L.f.) Cass.) Seed

Abstract

Abstract Lipid classes and subclasses of cold‐pressed and solvent‐extracted (hexane and ethanol) oils from commercially available niger ( Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) seeds were investigated. The oil yield of niger seeds obtained by cold pressing was 28.3 g/100 g while by hexane and ethanol extractions was 38.3 and 29.7 g/100 g respectively. The lipid classification of the extracted niger seed oils showed neutral lipids (65.9–95.5 %), glycolipids (2.7–24.6 %) and phospholipids (1.8–9.5 %). The acylglycerol composition of neutral lipids of extracted niger seed oils showed triacylglycerols (76.9–91.6 %), diacylglycerols (3.9–7.3 %) and monoacylglycerols (0.6–2.5 %). The fatty acid composition of tri‐, di‐, and monoacylglycerols of extracted niger seed oils showed linoleic acid (66.7–71.6 %) as the major fatty acid. The triacylglycerol composition of neutral lipids of extracted niger seed oils showed trilinolein (39.2–40.3 %) as the major triacylglycerol. The extracted niger seed oils contained 1289.9–6215.8 ppm of total phytosterols with β‐sitosterol (41.9–43.7 %) as the major phytosterol. Acylated steryl glucoside (39.5–52.2 %) was the major glycolipid in extracted niger seed oils. Phosphatidylcholine (49.6 and 47.9 %) was the major phospholipid in cold‐pressed and hexane‐extracted niger seed oils and phosphatidylethanolamine (57.1 %) was the major phospholipid in ethanol‐extracted niger seed oil. This is probably the first report on the variations in lipid classes and subclasses of Indian niger seed oil as affected by different modes of oil extraction.