Academy of Management Journal · 1993 · 2.2K citations · 39 references
ManagementLeadershipOrganizational BehaviorLeadership In OrganizationsOrganizational LeadershipTheory Of JusticeCitizenship TheoryCorporate CitizenshipOrganizational Citizenship BehaviorOrganizational JusticeWorkplace AttitudesWorkplace EthicsCitizenship DutiesClose ControlsEmployee Citizenship BehaviorOrganizational Citizenship Behavior Toward The OrganizationOrganizational Justice TheoryStructural EquationsWorkplace Fairness
This study examined relationships among three methods of leader monitoring, employee perceptions of workplace justice, and employee citizenship behavior. We hypothesized that monitoring would negatively affect citizenship because close control may keep employees from performing duties seen as extra and perhaps not leading to rewards. However, we also hypothesized that monitoring's focus on gathering unbiased information would positively influence employees' perceptions of fairness, which have been found to predict citizenship behavior. Results of structural equations modeling used to test direct and indirect relationships among the variables indicated that the monitoring method of observation negatively influenced citizenship but also had a positive influence through its effect on perceptions of fairness.
39
Comparative fit indexes in structural models.
Peter M. Bentler · Psychological Bulletin · 1990 · 23.9K citations
Philip M. Podsakoff, Scott MacKenzie, Robert H. Moorman et al. · The Leadership Quarterly · 1990 · 5.6K citations
In search of excellence: Lessons from America's best- run companies
Long Range Planning · 1983 · 4.5K citations