Contemporary Review of Group-Oriented Contingencies for Disruptive Behavior

Abstract

ABSTRACT This review clarifies the vaguely defined and perplexing terminology that historically has been used in the descriptions of group contingencies. Group contingencies are reviewed and categorized as independent, interdependent, and dependent based on the seminal work of Litow and Pumroy. Further, group contingencies, based on these categorizations, are discussed in terms of their effectiveness and advantages over behavioral interventions designed for individual students.