Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · 2013 · 83 citations · 47 references
We studied meibum architecture and its relation to bulk and interfacial rheology. Bovine and human meibomian lipids exhibit similar physical properties. From all structural probes utilized, we find a melt transition near eye temperature at which lamellar crystals liquefy. Our proposed structure for the tear-film lipid layer at physiologic temperature is a highly viscoelastic, shear-thinning liquid suspension consisting of lipid lamellar-crystallite particulates immersed in a continuous liquid phase with no long-range order. When spread over on-eye tear, the TFLL is a duplex film that exhibits bulk liquid properties and two separate interfaces, air/lipid and water/lipid, with aqueous protein and surfactantlike lipids adsorbed at the water/lipid surface.
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Relation between Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye in the Elderly
Oliver D. Schein, James M. Tielsch, Beatriz Muñoz et al. · Ophthalmology · 1997 · 432 citations · Full text
Formation and rupture of the tear film
Frank J. Holly · Experimental Eye Research · 1973 · 319 citations