Application of Educational Theory and Evidence in Support of an Integrated Model of Clinical Education

Abstract

Background and Purpose. The integrated model of clinical education has been incorporated into the educational curricula of various professions for decades. Currently, however, there is variability among physical therapist education programs in the use and design of such models. This position paper will not only highlight the pedagogy of early integrated clinical experiences, but also provide 2 examples of integrated clinical education models from successful physical therapist education programs. Position and Rationale. Evidence exists to demonstrate the utility of integrated and experiential learning models of clinical education in reinforcing the cognitive, psychomotor, and/or affective domains of learning. Early patient exposure in genuine clinical environments provides students with critical skills necessary for future professional practice. Further, integrated clinical education stimulates transfer, application, and reinforcement of classroom learning to authentic patient/client situations; provides exposure to varied service delivery models; and promotes self-assessment and opportunities for skill development and professional growth. Discussion and Conclusion. Successful outcomes from integrated clinical experiences rely upon carefully constructed learning opportunities. Designing models wherein didactic and clinical faculty demonstrate consistent practice philosophies and hold students accountable for learning based upon the extent of didactic education completed provides for a seamless approach to student learning. The integrated model of clinical education allows faculty to control the type, sequence, and duration of clinical experiences, as well as the qualifications of the involved clinicians. To maximize student readiness for patient/client demands within the twenty-first century and beyond, integrated clinical experiences should be viewed as an essential component of the core curriculum in physical therapist education.