A Survey on Simulators for Testing Self-Driving Cars

Abstract

Rigorous and comprehensive testing plays a key role in training self-driving cars to handle a variety of situations that they are expected to see on public roads. The physical testing on public roads is unsafe, costly, and not always reproducible. This is where testing in simulation helps fill the gap. However, the problem with simulation testing is that it is only as good as the simulator used for testing and how representative the simulated scenarios are of the real environment. In this paper, we identify key requirements that a good simulator must have. Further, we provide a comparison of commonly used simulators. Our analysis shows that CARLA and LGSVL simulators are the current state-of-the-art simulators for end to end testing of self-driving cars for the reasons mentioned in this paper. Finally, we present current challenges that simulation testing continues to face as we march towards building fully autonomous cars.