Proteomic Investigation of the Antibacterial Mechanism of <i>trans</i>-Cinnamaldehyde against <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Abstract

<i>Trans</i>-Cinnamaldehyde (TC) is a widely used food additive, known for its sterilization, disinfection, and antiseptic properties. However, its antibacterial mechanism is not completely understood. In this study, quantitative proteomics was performed to investigate differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in <i>Escherichia coli</i> in response to TC treatment. Bioinformatics analysis suggested aldehyde toxicity, acid stress, oxidative stress, interference of carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and protein translation as the bactericidal mechanism. <i>E. coli</i> BW25113Δ<i>yqhD</i>, Δ<i>gldA</i>, Δ<i>betB</i>, Δ<i>tktB</i>, Δ<i>gadA</i>, Δ<i>gadB</i>, Δg<i>adC</i>, and Δ<i>rmf</i> were used to investigate the functions of DEPs through biochemical methods. The present study revealed that TC exerts its antibacterial effects by inducing the toxicity of its aldehyde group producing acid stress. These findings will contribute to the application of TC in the antibacterial field.