College Students’ Sense of Belonging: A National Perspective

Abstract

In a nationally representative sample, first-year US college students "somewhat agree", on average, that they feel like they belong at their school. However, belonging varies by key institutional and student characteristics; of note, racial-ethnic minority and first-generation students report lower belonging than peers at four-year schools, while the opposite is true at two-year schools. Further, at four-year schools, belonging predicts better persistence, engagement, and mental health, even after extensive covariate adjustment. Although descriptive, these patterns highlight the need to better measure and understand belonging and related psychological factors that may promote college students' success and well-being.