The Contribution of Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds, and Flavonoids to the Antioxidative Properties of Marine Microalgae Isolated from Mediterranean Morocco

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the potential of four sea water microalgae, isolated and cultivated at M'diq Bay in Morocco, as a new source of natural antioxidants. These microalgae belong to different classes, including <i>Phaedactylium tricornitum</i> (Bacillariophyceae), <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana</i> (Eustigmatophyceae), <i>Nannochloris</i> sp (Trebouxiophyceae), and <i>Tetraselmis suecica</i> (Chlorodendrophycea). The antioxidant properties were screened by the use of in vitro assays, namely 2,2-difenil-1-picrylhydrazyl, Ferric reducing antioxidant power, and Ferrous ions chelating activity, and compoundidentification was carried out in methanol and acetone extracts of both dried and fresh microalgae biomass by HPLC-PDA-MS analysis. Among the investigated microalgae, <i>Phaedactylium tricornutum</i> was the richest one regarding its carotenoid (especially all-E-fucoxanthin) and phenolic (especially protocatechuic acid) contents, as well as antioxidant activity (65.5%), followed by <i>Nannochloris</i> sp, <i>Tetraselmis suicica</i>, and <i>Nannochloropsis gaditana,</i> with antioxidant activity of 56.8%, 54.9%, and 51.1%, respectively.