Boosting the biosynthesis of betulinic acid and related triterpenoids in Yarrowia lipolytica via multimodular metabolic engineering

Abstract

Here, we systematically engineered Y. lipolytica and achieved, to the best of our knowledge, the highest betulinic acid and total triterpenoid yields reported in microbes. Our study provides a suitable reference for studies on heterologous exploitation of P450 enzymes and manipulation of triterpenoid production in Y. lipolytica.