Efficient production of biallelic <i><scp>GGTA</scp>1</i> knockout pigs <i>by</i> cytoplasmic microinjection of <scp>CRISPR</scp>/Cas9 into zygotes

Abstract

These results demonstrate the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas to generate genetic modifications in pigs by simplified technology, such as intracytoplasmic microinjection into zygotes, which would significantly facilitate the production of genetically modified pigs suitable for xenotransplantation. Importantly, this simplified injection protocol avoids the penetration of the vulnerable pronuclear membrane, and is thus compatible with higher survival rates of microinjected embryos, which in turn facilitates production of genetically modified piglets.