Exosome‐mediated activation of toll‐like receptor 3 in stellate cells stimulates interleukin‐17 production by γδ T cells in liver fibrosis

Abstract

In liver injury, the exosome-mediated activation of TLR3 in HSCs exacerbates liver fibrosis by enhancing IL-17A production by γδ T cells, which might be associated with HSC stimulation by unknown self-TLR3 ligands from damaged hepatocytes. Therefore, TLR3 might be a novel therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. (Hepatology 2016;64:616-631).