The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation Applications Methodology Technology · 2015 · 100 citations · 19 references
ComputingComputer ScienceCybersecurityAerial RoboticsComputer SecurityUnmanned Aircraft SystemsAdversary TechniquesAviation SecurityCyber-physical SecurityData SecurityEmbedded SecuritySecurity SystemsCyber-physical ResilienceCybersecurity In AviationCybersecurity Of Civil AviationOn-board SensingUnmanned Aerial Vehicle ControlUnmanned Aerial Vehicle IntrusionUnmanned Aerial Vehicle SecurityUnmanned Aerial Vehicle Sensing
Unmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly ubiquitous, offering hazardous mission capabilities, but their reliance on onboard sensors and lack of manual control expose them to cyber‑physical attacks that can compromise data and reprogram the aircraft, potentially causing irreversible damage. This study surveys current hacking methods and defense strategies for UAVs and demonstrates the necessity of new intrusion‑prevention techniques through a practical hacking experiment on a commercial UAV. The authors executed a hacking procedure on a commercially available UAV, exploiting the communication link between operator and aircraft and employing Robot Operating System tools to alter its flight path. The experiment showed that an attacker can seize full control of the UAV, inflict irreparable damage, and redirect its trajectory by compromising the operator‑UAV link with ROS‑based tools.
The federal aviation administration has estimated that by the year 2020, the United States will have over 30,000 drones. Nowadays, drones, also known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), are ubiquitous and have numerous uses beyond military applications. This is because UAVs can be used in hazardous missions, since they exclude the risk factors involved in manned vehicles. Despite their benefits, UAVs are prone to attacks as they are equipped with numerous on-board sensors to gather data and this exposes them to various vulnerabilities. More precisely, in the absence of manual control, an attacker can gain access to sensitive sensory data and feed fraudulent information to the UAV. As a result, it can be reprogrammed to an undesirable effect and this can cause irreversible damage. This paper provides a general overview of current hacking methods, and defense and trust strategies to overcome cyber attacks on UAVs. To further highlight the importance of the requirement of developing new methods to avoid any intrusion, a hacking procedure is implemented on a commercially available UAV and its severe results are demonstrated. It is shown that the hacker can make irreparable damage and take complete control over the UAV by compromising the communication link between the operator and UAV and uses Robot Operating System-based tools to alter the flight path.
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