2013 · 128 citations · 19 references
Open access
EducationEducational AssessmentEducational MeasurementEnglish WritingLanguage ProficiencyWriting InstructionAchievement TestingGrammarLanguage AssessmentWriting AssessmentWriting ProficiencyWriting SkillsAchievement Test DesignAchievement Test DevelopmentEnglish Language LearnersSentence SyntaxStratified Random SamplingStratified SamplingStudent Writing Development
This paper addresses to evaluate and assess the students ’ competency in writing skills at Secondary school level in the English Language focusing five major content areas: word completion, sentence making/syntax, comprehension, tenses/ grammar and handwriting. The target population was the male and female students of grade 10 of urban and rural Secondary schools from public and private sector. Forty (40) Secondary schools of District Bahawalnagar, Pakistan were taken using stratified sampling. A sample consisting of 440 students (11students from each school) was randomly selected using a table of random numbers. An achievement test consisting of different items was developed to assess the students ’ competency and capability in sub-skills of writing such as word completion, sentence making/syntax, comprehension, tenses/grammar and handwriting. Mean score and standard deviation were used to analyze the students ’ proficiency in each sub-skill. The t-test was applied to make the comparison on the bases of gender, density and public and private sector. The overall performance of all the students was better in comprehension as compared to other sub-skills namely word completion, sentence
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The Psychology of Written Composition
Alister Cumming, Carl Bereiter, Marlene Scardamalia · Modern Language Journal · 1989 · 2.8K citations
Identifying the organization of writing processes
Joe Haves · Medical Entomology and Zoology · 1980 · 1.6K citations
Education, Organization Studies, Organizational Behavior +12
Teaching Language as Communication
Elaine Tarone, H. G. Widdowson · TESOL Quarterly · 1980 · 1.3K citations