Scientific Reports · 2011 · 83 citations · 49 references
PharmacyBiotechnologyImmunologyAntibody EngineeringStructural BiologyVaccinologyAntibody CharacterizationAntibody FunctionAntibody StructureEffector Function ModulationImmunoglobulin FunctionVaccine PlatformsAntibody Fc Fusion ProteinsFc Receptor Binding EngineeringFc Receptor Selectivity EngineeringFc ReceptorsFusion Protein VaccinesRecombinant Fusion ProteinsTapping Mode Atomic Force MicroscopyValency Optimization
The success of Fc-fusion bio-therapeutics has spurred the development of other Fc-fusion products for treating and/or vaccinating against a range of diseases. We describe a method to modulate their function by converting them into well-defined stable polymers. This strategy resulted in cylindrical hexameric structures revealed by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). Polymeric Fc-fusions were significantly less immunogenic than their dimeric or monomeric counterparts, a result partly owing to their reduced ability to interact with critical Fc-receptors. However, in the absence of the fusion partner, polymeric IgG1-Fc molecules were capable of binding selectively to FcγRs, with significantly increased affinity owing to their increased valency, suggesting that these reagents may prove of immediate utility in the development of well-defined replacements for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. Overall, these findings establish an effective IgG Fc-fusion based polymeric platform with which the therapeutic and vaccination applications of Fc-fusion immune-complexes can now be explored.
49
VMD: Visual molecular dynamics
William Humphrey, Andrew Dalke, Klaus Schulten · Journal of Molecular Graphics · 1996 · 66.6K citations
Scalable molecular dynamics with NAMD
J. C. Phillips, Rosemary Braun, Wei Wang et al. · Journal of Computational Chemistry · 2005 · 17.4K citations · Full text