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When Less is More: A Short Version of the Personal Optimism Scale and the Self-Efficacy Optimism Scale

Self-efficacy TheoryBehavioral SciencesPersonal Optimism ScaleSelf-monitoringShort VersionSocial PsychologyEducational PsychologyMotivationEducationSelf-assessmentSocial SciencesSelf-esteemSelf-efficacy Optimism ScaleSelf-efficacyPositive PsychologyPsychology