Improved mode extinction modulator using a Ti in-diffused LiNbO3 channel waveguide

Abstract

An efficient, linear mode extinction modulator has been demonstrated using a weakly guided, near cutoff, channel waveguide. Modulation slopes as high as 16% per volt have been measured. Deviation from a linear voltage-intensity relationship of less than 1% has been observed over a 77% modulation range. Over 97% modulation has been achieved with ±4 V applied. An optical bias is also demonstrated. A coupled mode analysis for the modulator is reported which includes propagation loss effects.