PDGF-D Improves Drug Delivery and Efficacy via Vascular Normalization, But Promotes Lymphatic Metastasis by Activating CXCR4 in Breast Cancer

Abstract

PDGF-D is highly expressed in human breast cancer and facilitates tumor growth and lymph node metastasis, making it a potential target in breast cancer. At the same time, PDGF-D increases drug delivery and hence improves the efficacy of chemotherapy through vessel normalization. Therefore, judicious use of PDGF-D/PDGFRβ blockers would be necessary to minimize the adverse effects on concomitantly administered cytotoxic therapies.