Power/energy metrics for controller evaluation of actuators similar to biological systems

The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle

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Measurement and modeling of McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles

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Darwin G. Caldwell, Gustavo A. Medrano‐Cerda · IEEE Control Systems · 1995 · 469 citations

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Modeling the Dynamic Characteristics of Pneumatic Muscle

David Reynolds, D.W. Repperger, C.A. Phillips et al. · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · 2003 · 365 citations

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The characteristics of the McKibben artificial muscle

H. F. Jr. Schulte · Medical Entomology and Zoology · 1961 · 297 citations

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