Engineering an Improved IgG4 Molecule with Reduced Disulfide Bond Heterogeneity and Increased Fab Domain Thermal Stability

Abstract

The integrity of antibody structure, stability, and biophysical characterization are becoming increasingly important as antibodies receive increasing scrutiny from regulatory authorities. We altered the disulfide bond arrangement of an IgG4 molecule by mutation of the Cys at the N terminus of the heavy chain constant domain 1 (C H 1) (Kabat position 127) to a Ser and introduction of a Cys at a variety of positions (positions 227–230) at the C terminus of C H 1. An inter-LC-C H 1 disulfide bond is thus formed, which mimics the disulfide bond arrangement found in an IgG1 molecule. The antibody species present in the supernatant following transient expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells were analyzed by immunoblot to investigate product homogeneity, and purified product was analyzed by a thermofluor assay to determine thermal stability. We show that the light chain can form an inter-LC-C H 1 disulfide bond with a Cys when present at several positions on the upper hinge (positions 227–230) and that such engineered disulfide bonds can consequently increase the Fab domain thermal stability between 3 and 6.8 °C. The IgG4 disulfide mutants displaying the greatest increase in Fab thermal stability were also the most homogeneous in terms of disulfide bond arrangement and antibody species present. Importantly, mutations did not affect the affinity for antigen of the resultant molecules. In combination with the previously described S241P mutation, we present an IgG4 molecule with increased Fab thermal stability and reduced product heterogeneity that potentially offers advantages for the production of IgG4 molecules. Background: IgG1 and IgG4 have different inter-light chain-heavy chain disulfide bond (DSB) arrangements. Results: IgG4 mutants with an IgG1-like DSB and a S241P hinge mutation showed increased Fab thermal stability and reduced DSB heterogeneity compared with IgG4 WT. Conclusion: Fab domain thermal stability and DSB heterogeneity of IgG4 can be improved. Significance: Such engineered IgG4 molecules offer potential advantages during therapeutic antibody production.